TMUX Operations

Posted on by peter

Tmux cheat sheet

(C-x means ctrl+x, M-x means alt+x)
Prefix key

The default prefix is C-b. If you (or your muscle memory) prefer C-a, you need to add this to ~/.tmux.conf:

Remap prefix to Control + a

set -g prefix C-a

Bind ‘C-a C-a’ to type ‘C-a’

bind C-a send-prefix
unbind C-b

I’m going to assume that C-a is your prefix.

Sessions, Windows and Panes
Session is a set of windows, plus a notion of which window is current.
Window is a single screen covered with panes. (Once might compare it to a ‘virtual desktop’ or a ‘space’.)
Pane is a rectangular part of a window that runs a specific command, e.g. a shell.
Getting help

Display a list of keyboard shortcuts:

C-a ?

Navigate using Vim or Emacs shortcuts, depending on the value of mode-keys. Emacs is the default, and if you want Vim shortcuts for help and copy modes (e.g. j, k, C-u, C-d), add the following line to ~/.tmux.conf:

setw -g mode-keys vi

Any command mentioned in this list can be executed as tmux something or C-a :something (or added to ~/.tmux.conf).
Managing sessions

Creating a session:

tmux new -s work

Create a new session that shares all windows with an existing session, but has its own separate notion of which window is current:

tmux new-session -s work2 -t work

Attach to a session:

tmux attach -t work

Detach from a session:

C-a d.

Switch between sessions:

C-a (          previous session
C-a )          next session
C-a L          ‘last’ (previously used) session
C-a s          choose a session from a list

Other:

C-a $          rename the current session
C-a

Managing windows

Create a window:

C-a c          create a new window

Switch between windows:

C-a 1 ...      switch to window 1, ..., 9, 0
C-a 9
C-a 0
C-a p          previous window
C-a n          next window
C-a l          ‘last’ (previously used) window
C-a w          choose window from a list

Switch between windows with a twist:

C-a M-n        next window with a bell, activity or
content alert
C-a M-p        previous such window

Other:

C-a ,          rename the current window
C-a &          kill the current window

Managing split panes

Creating a new pane by splitting an existing one:

C-a "          split vertically (top/bottom)
C-a %          split horizontally (left/right)

Switching between panes:

C-a left       go to the next pane on the left
C-a right      (or one of these other directions)
C-a up
C-a down
C-a o          go to the next pane (cycle through all of them)
C-a ;          go to the ‘last’ (previously used) pane

Moving panes around:

C-a {          move the current pane to the previous position
C-a }          move the current pane to the next position
C-a C-o        rotate window ‘up’ (i.e. move all panes)
C-a M-o        rotate window ‘down’
C-a !          move the current pane into a new separate
window (‘break pane’)
C-a :move-pane -t :3.2
split window 3's pane 2 and move the current pane there

Resizing panes:

C-a M-up, C-a M-down, C-a M-left, C-a M-right
resize by 5 rows/columns
C-a C-up, C-a C-down, C-a C-left, C-a C-right
resize by 1 row/column

Applying predefined layouts:

C-a M-1        switch to even-horizontal layout
C-a M-2        switch to even-vertical layout
C-a M-3        switch to main-horizontal layout
C-a M-4        switch to main-vertical layout
C-a M-5        switch to tiled layout
C-a space      switch to the next layout

Other:

C-a x          kill the current pane
C-a q          display pane numbers for a short while

Other config file settings

Force a reload of the config file on C-a r:

unbind r
bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf

Some other settings that I use:

setw -g xterm-keys on

If you have vi style key bindings on then the following applies:
1) enter copy mode using Control+b [

2) navigate to beginning of text, you want to select and hit Space

3) move around using arrow keys to select region

4) when you reach end of region simply hit Enter to copy the region

5) now Control+b ] will paste the selection
To enable vi like cursor movement in copy mode put the following in your ~/.tmux.conf:

set-window-option -g mode-keys vi

more over what ever you copy, you may dump that out in your terminal using

tmux show-buffer

and even save to a file(say, foo.txt) using

tmux save-buffer foo.txt

To see all the paste buffers try Control + b #. To dump out the varios buffers on to the terminal or file you may use

tmux list-buffers
tmux show-buffer -b n
tmux save-buffer -b n foo.txt

where n is the index of the paste buffer.

Installing MySQL gem on OSX 10.6

Posted on by peter

Hopefully this will be a time saver for anyone else who goes through the following pain.

I have a brand spanking new OSX 10.6 installation. I installed mysql 5.5.9-OSX10.6-X86 (because I thought everything was still i386 based…watch this space!) I installed RVM and installed ruby 1.92 under RVM control. I then do a ‘bundle install’ and it gripes about not having mysql2 gem installed. I do a manual install using the following command.



sudo gem install mysql2

and after a bit of crunching, we get to the following error:



Building native extensions.  This could take a while...

ERROR:  Error installing mysql2:

ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

1.9.1/ruby/ruby.h:108: error: size of array ‘ruby_check_sizeof_long’ is negative

/Users/peter/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/ruby.h:112: error: size of array ‘ruby_check_sizeof_voidp’ is negative

In file included from /Users/peter/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/intern.h:29,

             from /Users/peter/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/ruby.h:1327,

             from /Users/peter/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby.h:32,

             from ./mysql2_ext.h:4,

             from client.c:1:

/Users/peter/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p180/include/ruby-1.9.1/ruby/st.h:69: error: size of array ‘st_check_for_sizeof_st_index_t’ is negative

The Solution

  • Uninstall your MySQL using the commands below

    sudo rm /usr/local/mysql \
    rm -rf /usr/local/mysql* \
    rm -rf /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM \
    rm -rf /Library/PreferencePanes/My* \
    rm -rf /Library/Receipts/mysql* \
    rm -rf /Library/Receipts/MySQL*

  • edit /etc/hostconfig and remove the line MYSQLCOM=-YES

  • Now go and download the 64 bit version of the MySQL package – get the dmg rather than the gzip file.

The rationale behind this is that your new beaut 10.6 is actually referencing 64 bit modules by default. How to prove this I do not know – I’m confused and still searching for the answer. If I do a uname, I get the following.



$ uname – a

Darwin MacBook-Air.local 10.6.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.6.0: Wed Nov 10 18:13:17 PST 2010; root:xnu-1504.9.26~3/RELEASE_I386 i386

Now, if I’m not mistaken that’s an i386 at the end – go figure. If anyone has any further insights please let me know.

The next step is to download the gem for your ruby/rails use



sudo env ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64" gem install mysql2 -- \

--with-mysql-dir=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-lib=/usr/local/mysql/lib \

--with-mysql-include=/usr/local/mysql/include

  • The next error encountered is when I try to start the rails server using ‘rails s’

    /Users/peter/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180/gems/mysql2-0.2.6/lib/mysql2.rb:7:in `require’: dlopen(/Users/peter/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180/gems/mysql2-0.2.6/lib/mysql2/mysql2.bundle, 9): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.16.dylib (LoadError)

  • The answer to this problem is to run the following command

    sudo install_name_tool -change libmysqlclient.16.dylib /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.16.dylib ~/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p180/gems/mysql2-0.2.6/lib/mysql2/mysql2.bundle

Bear in mind, I’m running version 1.9.2-p180 fo ruby – you will need to change the command for whatever version you’re running.